Systematic Evaluation of Adversarial Jailbreaking Attacks and Defenses Across Seven Large Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in safety-critical settings must resist adversarial inputs designed to elicit harmful outputs. We present a systematic empirical evaluation of five adversarial jailbreaking attack families---direct requests, roleplay-based jailbreaking, hypothetical framing, instruction override, and obfuscation---across seven open-weight and API-accessible LLMs: Llama-3-8B, Llama-3.1-8B, Llama-3.2-3B, Mistral-7B, Qwen2.5-7B, Gemma2-9B, and Phi-4-14B. We further evaluate four defense mechanisms: keyword blacklisting, self-reminder prompting, paraphrase-based sanitization, and perplexity-based filtering against the two most vulnerable models. Our results reveal that obfuscation attacks achieve a mean attack success rate (ASR) of 54.3% across all models and constitute the most transferable adversarial vector, bypassing every evaluated model with nonzero success. We find that model size does not predict adversarial robustness (Spearman r=-0.57, p=0.18), and that models within the same architecture family exhibit dramatically different vulnerability profiles. Self-reminder prompting achieves the most consistent defense, reducing ASR from 44% to 10% on Mistral-7B and from 48% to 5% on Llama-3.1-8B with zero false positives and no additional inference cost. Our code and datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/Mdniloykhan/jailbreak-eval-7llms.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
arXiv (Cornell University)
Published
2026-10-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.39509
Primary Topic
Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
Type
preprint
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preprint

Systematic Evaluation of Adversarial Jailbreaking Attacks and Defenses Across Seven Large Language Models

Abu Sayed Md. Mostafizur Rahaman, Md. Robiul Islam Niloy
arXiv (Cornell University)
Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
preprint

Systematic Evaluation of Adversarial Jailbreaking Attacks and Defenses Across Seven Large Language Models

Abu Sayed Md. Mostafizur Rahaman, Md. Robiul Islam Niloy
preprint en

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in safety-critical settings must resist adversarial inputs designed to elicit harmful outputs. We present a systematic empirical evaluation of five adversarial jailbreaking attack families---direct requests, roleplay-based jailbreaking, hypothetical framing, instruction override, and obfuscation---across seven open-weight and API-accessible LLMs: Llama-3-8B, Llama-3.1-8B, Llama-3.2-3B, Mistral-7B, Qwen2.5-7B, Gemma2-9B, and Phi-4-14B. We further evaluate four defense mechanisms: keyword blacklisting, self-reminder prompting, paraphrase-based sanitization, and perplexity-based filtering against the two most vulnerable models. Our results reveal that obfuscation attacks achieve a mean attack success rate (ASR) of 54.3% across all models and constitute the most transferable adversarial vector, bypassing every evaluated model with nonzero success. We find that model size does not predict adversarial robustness (Spearman r=-0.57, p=0.18), and that models within the same architecture family exhibit dramatically different vulnerability profiles. Self-reminder prompting achieves the most consistent defense, reducing ASR from 44% to 10% on Mistral-7B and from 48% to 5% on Llama-3.1-8B with zero false positives and no additional inference cost. Our code and datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/Mdniloykhan/jailbreak-eval-7llms.

arXiv (Cornell University)
Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
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Systematic Evaluation of Adversarial Jailbreaking Attacks and Defenses Across Seven Large Language Models — Abu Sayed Md. Mostafizur Rahaman, Md. Robiul Islam Niloy · arXiv (Cornell University) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS