Electroceuticals and Neuromodulation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Biological Rationale, Current Evidence, Mechanisms, and Future Perspectives

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous multisystem disorder characterized by reproductive, metabolic, and neuroendocrine abnormalities. Current management primarily targets individual manifestations through lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapy, while growing evidence implicates altered autonomic and neuroendocrine regulation in PCOS pathophysiology. Electroceuticals (ECs) and neuromodulatory interventions may represent potential non-pharmacological approaches for modulating neural pathways involved in reproductive and metabolic regulation. This review examines the biological rationale, experimental evidence, and available clinical findings supporting the investigation of such interventions in PCOS. From a biomedical perspective, ECs may offer potential advantages in PCOS management; however, the limited evidence currently available precludes definitive conclusions regarding their short- and long-term therapeutic effects and potential adverse effects in humans. Therefore, further specialized preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this promising approach.