Embodied worship: Peran Musik Liturgis dalam Pembentukan Spiritualitas Jemaat

This study examines liturgical music as a pedagogical practice grounded in embodied worship, focusing on pseudo-participation. This phenomenological study involved three GBT congregations in Semarang, purposively selected based on their liturgical music practices. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with 10 participants, and documentation. Findings show that liturgical music mediates spiritual experience through voice, gesture, and affective responses, encompassing musical experience, bodily engagement, reflection, and faith internalization. However, physical participation does not necessarily indicate spiritual engagement. The study identifies music's reduction to emotional stimulation, instances of pseudo-participation, and tensions between bodily expression and liturgical conventions. These findings challenge assessments of congregational participation based on outward expression. The study reconceptualizes liturgical music as a pedagogical space integrating theological, aesthetic, and embodied dimensions to support reflective, holistic, and transformative faith formation. Its contribution is a refined understanding of pseudo-participation within embodied worship and congregational education