Dampak Milk al-Yamīn Terkait Maqāṣid Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn ‘Āsyūr dalam Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr di Era Kontemporer

This research is motivated by the need to reinterpret the concept of milk al-yamīn in the Qur'an through the reading of humanitarian-dimensional tafsir so that it is not understood textually-anachronically in the modern era. This research aims to analyze the essence of the concept of milk al-yamīn, map its historical-sociological existence, and evaluate its impact on the vision of human independence in the Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr by Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn 'Āsyūr. The method used is qualitative-based on library research. The researcher applied the thematic interpretation approach (mauḍū'ī) of the 'Abd al-Ḥayy al-Farmāwī model and the maqāṣidī approach of Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn 'Āsyūr, as well as content analysis of related verses. The results of the study show that Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn 'Āsyūr defined milk al-yamīn as a 7th-century socio-historical institution that was gradually restructured by the Qur'an (tadarruj) towards total liberation. The analysis of maqāṣidī proves that the interpretation of Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn 'Āsyūr is based on the principles of universal benefit (al-maṣlaḥah al-'āmmah), the sanctity of human origin (al-fiṭrah), and the protection of human dignity (ḥifẓ al-karāmah). In addition, this reconstruction of meaning confirms the encouragement of sharia (tasyawwuf al-syarī'ah ilā al-'itq) to stop the practice of slavery along with the development of civilization. The conclusion of this study confirms that the concept of milk al-yamīn in the view of Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn 'Āsyūr is historical-contextual so that it no longer has the relevance of the enactment of law in the modern era that upholds human rights.