A Review of General Information Encryption and Secure Network Transmission

As learning, daily life, and work increasingly migrate online, general information transmitted over public channels faces increasingly severe network risks such as eavesdropping and disclosure, and data security has become a fundamental issue in the field of information security. In this context, this review focuses on the secure encryption and transmission of general information over networks, organizes the two technical routes of symmetric encryption [Data Encryption Standard (DES)/Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)] and asymmetric encryption [Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)/elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)] and their advantages and disadvantages, emphasizes the principles and measured performance of hybrid encryption (digital envelopes) that combines the two, supplements the Chinese commercial cryptographic system of SM2/SM3/SM4, then explains a layered transmission-security strategy that combines technology and management beyond algorithms, and finally discusses trends such as post-quantum cryptography, thereby forming a complete logical thread of distinctive strengths, hybrid complementarity, and system-level safeguards.