Perbandingan Carvedilol dan Propranolol untuk Pencegahan Sekunder Perdarahan Ulang Varises Pada Sirosis

ABSTRACT Carvedilol lowers portal pressure more effectively than propranolol, but its comparative role in the secondary prevention of variceal rebleeding among patients with cirrhosis remains uncertain. To compare the clinical outcomes of carvedilol and propranolol for secondary prevention after variceal bleeding in adult patients with cirrhosis. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library through 2026. Comparative studies involving adults with cirrhosis receiving carvedilol or propranolol for secondary prophylaxis were included. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I, and the findings were synthesized narratively. Six reports from five cohorts (approximately 9,033 adults; carvedilol = 4,564 and propranolol = 4,469) were included, comprising one randomized controlled trial, one prospective comparative study, and three retrospective cohorts. Carvedilol was associated with lower rebleeding rates in the HVPG-paired cohort (subhazard ratio 0.239; 95% CI 0.067–0.848) and the propensity-matched cohort (23.8% vs 47.2%; p = 0.019), with a smaller reduction observed in the database cohort (relative risk 0.898; p 0.001). New or worsening ascites occurred less frequently with carvedilol (40% vs 69.5%; 7.5% vs 30.2%; both p 0.05). Haemodynamic response was more common among patients receiving carvedilol (75.9% vs 50%; 53% vs 29%). Lower all-cause mortality was observed only in the database cohort (19.4% vs 29.7%; p 0.001). Treatment discontinuation was comparable between groups. Carvedilol is at least as effective as propranolol in preventing variceal rebleeding and is associated with lower rates of ascites and better haemodynamic response, with comparable tolerability. The apparent survival benefit requires confirmation through adequately powered randomized studies. Keywords: Ascites, Carvedilol, Esophageal and gastric varices, Liver cirrhosis, Portal hypertension, Propranolol, Secondary prevention. ABSTRAK Carvedilol menurunkan tekanan portal secara lebih efektif dibandingkan propranolol, namun peran komparatifnya dalam pencegahan sekunder perdarahan ulang varises pada pasien sirosis masih belum sepenuhnya jelas. Membandingkan luaran klinis carvedilol dan propranolol dalam pencegahan sekunder setelah perdarahan varises pada pasien dewasa dengan sirosis. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, dan Cochrane Library hingga tahun 2026. Studi komparatif yang melibatkan pasien dewasa dengan sirosis yang menerima carvedilol atau propranolol sebagai profilaksis sekunder diikutsertakan dalam tinjauan ini. Risiko bias dinilai menggunakan RoB 2 dan ROBINS-I, sedangkan temuan penelitian disintesis secara naratif. Sebanyak enam laporan dari lima kohort (sekitar 9.033 pasien dewasa; carvedilol = 4.564 dan propranolol = 4.469) diikutsertakan, yang terdiri atas satu uji acak terkontrol, satu studi komparatif prospektif, dan tiga kohort retrospektif. Carvedilol dikaitkan dengan angka perdarahan ulang yang lebih rendah pada kohort dengan pengukuran HVPG berpasangan (subhazard ratio 0,239; IK 95% 0,067–0,848) dan kohort dengan propensity score matching (23,8% vs 47,2%; p = 0,019), serta penurunan yang lebih kecil pada kohort berbasis basis data (relative risk 0,898; p 0,001). Kejadian asites baru atau yang memburuk lebih rendah pada kelompok carvedilol (40% vs 69,5%; 7,5% vs 30,2%; keduanya p 0,05). Respons hemodinamik lebih sering dicapai pada kelompok carvedilol (75,9% vs 50%; 53% vs 29%). Mortalitas semua penyebab yang lebih rendah hanya ditemukan pada kohort berbasis basis data (19,4% vs 29,7%; p 0,001). Angka penghentian terapi serupa pada kedua kelompok. Carvedilol setidaknya sama efektifnya dengan propranolol dalam mencegah perdarahan ulang varises serta dikaitkan dengan penurunan kejadian asites dan respons hemodinamik yang lebih baik, dengan tolerabilitas yang sebanding. Manfaat terhadap kelangsungan hidup masih memerlukan konfirmasi melalui penelitian acak dengan kekuatan statistik yang memadai. Kata Kunci: Asites, Carvedilol, Varises Esofagus Dan Gaster, Sirosis Hati, Hipertensi Portal, Propranolol, Pencegahan Sekunder.

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Publication Details

Journal
Malahayati Nursing Journal
Published
2026-10-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i11.26599
Primary Topic
Liver Disease and Transplantation
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article
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article

Perbandingan Carvedilol dan Propranolol untuk Pencegahan Sekunder Perdarahan Ulang Varises Pada Sirosis

Hartomas Bumiharjo, Hayuningrat Odyssey Saint
1 links
Malahayati Nursing Journal
Liver Disease and Transplantation
article

Perbandingan Carvedilol dan Propranolol untuk Pencegahan Sekunder Perdarahan Ulang Varises Pada Sirosis

Hartomas Bumiharjo, Hayuningrat Odyssey Saint
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Carvedilol lowers portal pressure more effectively than propranolol, but its comparative role in the secondary prevention of variceal rebleeding among patients with cirrhosis remains uncertain. To compare the clinical outcomes of carvedilol and propranolol for secondary prevention after variceal bleeding in adult patients with cirrhosis. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library through 2026. Comparative studies involving adults with cirrhosis receiving carvedilol or propranolol for secondary prophylaxis were included. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I, and the findings were synthesized narratively. Six reports from five cohorts (approximately 9,033 adults; carvedilol = 4,564 and propranolol = 4,469) were included, comprising one randomized controlled trial, one prospective comparative study, and three retrospective cohorts. Carvedilol was associated with lower rebleeding rates in the HVPG-paired cohort (subhazard ratio 0.239; 95% CI 0.067–0.848) and the propensity-matched cohort (23.8% vs 47.2%; p = 0.019), with a smaller reduction observed in the database cohort (relative risk 0.898; p 0.001). New or worsening ascites occurred less frequently with carvedilol (40% vs 69.5%; 7.5% vs 30.2%; both p 0.05). Haemodynamic response was more common among patients receiving carvedilol (75.9% vs 50%; 53% vs 29%). Lower all-cause mortality was observed only in the database cohort (19.4% vs 29.7%; p 0.001). Treatment discontinuation was comparable between groups. Carvedilol is at least as effective as propranolol in preventing variceal rebleeding and is associated with lower rates of ascites and better haemodynamic response, with comparable tolerability. The apparent survival benefit requires confirmation through adequately powered randomized studies. Keywords: Ascites, Carvedilol, Esophageal and gastric varices, Liver cirrhosis, Portal hypertension, Propranolol, Secondary prevention. ABSTRAK Carvedilol menurunkan tekanan portal secara lebih efektif dibandingkan propranolol, namun peran komparatifnya dalam pencegahan sekunder perdarahan ulang varises pada pasien sirosis masih belum sepenuhnya jelas. Membandingkan luaran klinis carvedilol dan propranolol dalam pencegahan sekunder setelah perdarahan varises pada pasien dewasa dengan sirosis. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, dan Cochrane Library hingga tahun 2026. Studi komparatif yang melibatkan pasien dewasa dengan sirosis yang menerima carvedilol atau propranolol sebagai profilaksis sekunder diikutsertakan dalam tinjauan ini. Risiko bias dinilai menggunakan RoB 2 dan ROBINS-I, sedangkan temuan penelitian disintesis secara naratif. Sebanyak enam laporan dari lima kohort (sekitar 9.033 pasien dewasa; carvedilol = 4.564 dan propranolol = 4.469) diikutsertakan, yang terdiri atas satu uji acak terkontrol, satu studi komparatif prospektif, dan tiga kohort retrospektif. Carvedilol dikaitkan dengan angka perdarahan ulang yang lebih rendah pada kohort dengan pengukuran HVPG berpasangan (subhazard ratio 0,239; IK 95% 0,067–0,848) dan kohort dengan propensity score matching (23,8% vs 47,2%; p = 0,019), serta penurunan yang lebih kecil pada kohort berbasis basis data (relative risk 0,898; p 0,001). Kejadian asites baru atau yang memburuk lebih rendah pada kelompok carvedilol (40% vs 69,5%; 7,5% vs 30,2%; keduanya p 0,05). Respons hemodinamik lebih sering dicapai pada kelompok carvedilol (75,9% vs 50%; 53% vs 29%). Mortalitas semua penyebab yang lebih rendah hanya ditemukan pada kohort berbasis basis data (19,4% vs 29,7%; p 0,001). Angka penghentian terapi serupa pada kedua kelompok. Carvedilol setidaknya sama efektifnya dengan propranolol dalam mencegah perdarahan ulang varises serta dikaitkan dengan penurunan kejadian asites dan respons hemodinamik yang lebih baik, dengan tolerabilitas yang sebanding. Manfaat terhadap kelangsungan hidup masih memerlukan konfirmasi melalui penelitian acak dengan kekuatan statistik yang memadai. Kata Kunci: Asites, Carvedilol, Varises Esofagus Dan Gaster, Sirosis Hati, Hipertensi Portal, Propranolol, Pencegahan Sekunder.

Malahayati Nursing JournalVol. 8(11)
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 14%
Liver Disease and Transplantation
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