Temporal accessibility disruptions in event-driven urban spaces: a framework for mobility analysis

Purpose This study investigates how large-scale urban events generate temporal disruptions in accessibility and reshape mobility patterns in public spaces. Moving beyond static evaluations, it conceptualises accessibility as a dynamic and time-sensitive condition influenced by event intensity, infrastructure capacity, and user perception. The study aims to present a structured analytical framework for examining event-induced temporal accessibility disruptions in dense urban environments. Design/methodology/approach A two-phase mixed-method approach is adopted in the case of Besiktas Stadium, Istanbul. Phase 1 includes systematic field observations to document spatial intensification and pedestrian movement patterns. Phase 2 integrates quantitative travel-time analysis with survey-based perceptual data (n = 63). The Temporal Accessibility Disruption Framework (TADF) is presented as a structured analytical framework that integrates three complementary travel-time indicators (ΔT, %ΔT, and the Mobility Disruption Index [MDI]) with perception-based evidence to assess event-induced temporal accessibility disruptions. Findings Results reveal a clear temporary reconfiguration of travel-time accessibility during event periods. Peak disruption occurs before kickoff, with travel times increasing up to threefold (MDI >3.0). Survey findings indicate that event days are strongly associated with perceived mobility constraints, particularly queuing, crowding, noise, and the perceived need to leave the area. While events enhance collective identity and spatial intensity, they simultaneously produce uneven accessibility conditions for everyday users. Research limitations/implications The study is based on a single case study and a limited sample size, which may affect generalisability. However, it offers a conceptual and methodological basis for future comparative studies across different event types and urban contexts. The assessment framework may support further research on time-sensitive accessibility dynamics, subject to comparative validation in other contexts. Practical implications The findings highlight the need for adaptive mobility and circulation strategies in event-driven urban areas. The assessment framework may provide an initial analytical basis for urban planners and local authorities seeking to examine crowd flows, transport performance, and accessibility inequalities during large-scale events. Social implications Event-driven accessibility disruptions create unequal mobility conditions between different user groups. Addressing these inequalities is essential for ensuring inclusive access to public space and improving everyday urban experiences for non-event users. Originality/value This study presents the TADF as a structured analytical framework for assessing event-induced temporal accessibility disruptions. By integrating travel-time indicators with perception-based evidence, the study offers a systematic approach to examining the temporal impacts of planned urban events on urban accessibility.