A universal relation predicts the observed reversal of a supernova chirp
Superluminous supernovae, among the brightest stellar explosions, are thought to be powered by newborn magnetars. One such event, SN 2024afav, ``chirped'', displaying sinusoidal, increasing-frequency ($P(99\textrm{ d})\sim39\pm8$ d to $P(166\textrm{ d})\sim17\pm5$ d) light-curve modulations. The model explaining this chirp, a precessing disk falling onto the dimming magnetar, generalizes to a normalization-independent universal relation between the period derivative and the dimming rate of the light curve. Applied to the published chirp alone, with the spin-down time measured from the unmodulated light curve, the relation predicts that the chirp must halt near $t \approx 150$ d and reverse. With continued follow-up of SN 2024afav, we report the discovery of five new modulations in which the chirp reverses ($P(177\textrm{ d})\sim24\pm4$ d to $P(208\textrm{ d})\sim38\pm2$ d) at $t=147\pm3$ d, as predicted. Applied to chirping events from upcoming surveys, the relation could identify the precession mechanism and disk physics of each engine.
Authors
- Logan J. Prust (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7174-8273)
- Joseph Farah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4914-5625)
- Hang Yu
Publication Details
- Journal
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Published
- 2026-10-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.39240
- Primary Topic
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Type
- preprint