Case Report: Late postpartum eclampsia-associated reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome with anti-DPPX encephalitis

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiological syndrome characterized by headaches, seizures, visual disturbances, and focal neurological deficits, accompanied by specific cranial imaging findings. Common triggers of PRES include hypertension/eclampsia, renal disease, autoimmune disorders, and drug abuse. PRES associated with autoimmune encephalitis is a rare phenomenon that presents diagnostic challenges in clinical settings, often leading to missed diagnosis and delayed treatment. We report a case involving a patient with late-onset eclampsia, occurring 26 days after cesarean section, who exhibited dual neurological syndromes of reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome and anti-DPPX encephalitis. MRI resonance imaging revealed vasogenic cerebral edema and extensive enhancing lesions.