Third permanent molar agenesis in children with and without molar incisor hypomineralisation: an international investigation

PURPOSE: To investigate whether children with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) are more likely to have missing third permanent molars (TPMs) than unaffected peers. Additional objectives were to explore variation in TPM agenesis by sex, geographic region and hypodontia of other permanent teeth. METHODS: The study was conducted in specialist paediatric dentistry centres across 14 countries. Participants were children with or without MIH, aged between 10 and 17 years. Following informed consent, a validated MIH index was used to assess the presence/extent of any hypomineralised teeth and panoramic radiographs were viewed to record the number and location of any developing TPMs. RESULTS: A total of 634 participants were recruited: 264 (41.6%) with MIH and 370 (58.4%) without this condition. Two hundred fifty-five (40.2%) of the overall study population had at least one missing TPM. Logistic regression analysis indicated that neither MIH status nor sex were associated with TPM agenesis. However, TPM agenesis was significantly more likely in participants with hypodontia of other permanent teeth (OR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.42, 4.66, p = 0.002). Geographical region was also statistically significantly associated with TPM agenesis with the lowest prevalence found in the African region (6.3%) and the highest found in the European region (55.9%). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, children with MIH appear at no greater risk of TPM agenesis than their non-MIH peers; however, clinicians should be aware of marked differences between different geographical regions and the greater likelihood of TPM agenesis in children with hypodontia of other permanent teeth.

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Journal
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry
Published
2026-10-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01298-5
Primary Topic
dental development and anomalies
Type
article
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article

Third permanent molar agenesis in children with and without molar incisor hypomineralisation: an international investigation

Clarissa Calil Bonifácio, Cecilia Muñoz‐Sandoval, Muneera Al Sheeb, Susan Parekh et al.
3 links
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry
dental development and anomalies
article

Third permanent molar agenesis in children with and without molar incisor hypomineralisation: an international investigation

Clarissa Calil Bonifácio, Cecilia Muñoz‐Sandoval, Muneera Al Sheeb, Susan Parekh, Karla Gambetta‐Tessini, David John Manton, Osama Ibrahim El Shahawy, Olaniyi Arowolo, Srinivasan Narasimhan, Samah Omar, Bamidele Olubukola Popoola, Naomi Qiyue Yang, Anas Salami, Aysha Alshamsi, Suhad Jundi, Felicity A. Crombie, Ahmad I. Issa, Hani Nazzal, Iyad Hussein, Mihiri Jacintha Silva, HELEN D. RODD, Greig Taylor, Mawlood Kowash, Noren Nor Hasmun, Ashima Goyal, Eman Bassam Abedalhaleem, Hoor N Alrashed, Ruth Wei Choe, Jumana El Shafei, Arpit Gupta, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Stephanie Shields, Aniek de Vries, David Drysdale
article en

Abstract

PURPOSE: To investigate whether children with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) are more likely to have missing third permanent molars (TPMs) than unaffected peers. Additional objectives were to explore variation in TPM agenesis by sex, geographic region and hypodontia of other permanent teeth. METHODS: The study was conducted in specialist paediatric dentistry centres across 14 countries. Participants were children with or without MIH, aged between 10 and 17 years. Following informed consent, a validated MIH index was used to assess the presence/extent of any hypomineralised teeth and panoramic radiographs were viewed to record the number and location of any developing TPMs. RESULTS: A total of 634 participants were recruited: 264 (41.6%) with MIH and 370 (58.4%) without this condition. Two hundred fifty-five (40.2%) of the overall study population had at least one missing TPM. Logistic regression analysis indicated that neither MIH status nor sex were associated with TPM agenesis. However, TPM agenesis was significantly more likely in participants with hypodontia of other permanent teeth (OR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.42, 4.66, p = 0.002). Geographical region was also statistically significantly associated with TPM agenesis with the lowest prevalence found in the African region (6.3%) and the highest found in the European region (55.9%). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, children with MIH appear at no greater risk of TPM agenesis than their non-MIH peers; however, clinicians should be aware of marked differences between different geographical regions and the greater likelihood of TPM agenesis in children with hypodontia of other permanent teeth.

European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry
University Medical Center Groningen (NL), Universidad de Talca (CL), Cairo University (EG), Jordan University of Science and Technology (JO), The University of Melbourne (AU), University of Ibadan (NG), Future University in Egypt (EG), Loma Linda University (US), University College Hospital, Ibadan (NG), Health Promotion Board (SG), Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (NL), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (AE), Newcastle Dental Hospital (GB), Murdoch Children's Research Institute (AU), Eastman Dental Hospital (GB), National Guard Health Affairs (SA), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN), Obafemi Awolowo University (NG), Hamad Medical Corporation (QA), Qatar University (QA), University of Otago (NZ), University of Sheffield (GB)
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 22%
dental development and anomalies
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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