EmpDPO: Enabling Emphasis Control in TTS via Direct Preference Optimization

Word-level emphasis conveys meaning that text alone cannot express and is therefore essential for a practical text-to-speech (TTS) system. In this work, we study how to add emphasis control post hoc to a pretrained TTS model that has never been trained with emphasis annotations. We present EmpDPO, a simple, efficient, and effective two-stage recipe that adds emphasis control to a multilingual zero-shot diffusion TTS model through supervised fine-tuning followed by direct preference optimization (DPO). The training signals for both stages come from an off-the-shelf multilingual emphasis detector, so that no manual emphasis annotation or task-specific reward design is needed. We find that DPO can substantially strengthen emphasis control with only a few thousand preference pairs and training steps. Objective and subjective evaluations against strong public systems show that our model produces perceptible emphasis while preserving naturalness and overall quality.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
arXiv (Cornell University)
Published
2026-10-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.39427
Primary Topic
Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Type
preprint
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preprint

EmpDPO: Enabling Emphasis Control in TTS via Direct Preference Optimization

Megan Wei, Zeyu Jin, Haonan Chen, Yunyun Wang
arXiv (Cornell University)
Speech Recognition and Synthesis
preprint

EmpDPO: Enabling Emphasis Control in TTS via Direct Preference Optimization

Megan Wei, Zeyu Jin, Haonan Chen, Yunyun Wang
preprint en

Abstract

Word-level emphasis conveys meaning that text alone cannot express and is therefore essential for a practical text-to-speech (TTS) system. In this work, we study how to add emphasis control post hoc to a pretrained TTS model that has never been trained with emphasis annotations. We present EmpDPO, a simple, efficient, and effective two-stage recipe that adds emphasis control to a multilingual zero-shot diffusion TTS model through supervised fine-tuning followed by direct preference optimization (DPO). The training signals for both stages come from an off-the-shelf multilingual emphasis detector, so that no manual emphasis annotation or task-specific reward design is needed. We find that DPO can substantially strengthen emphasis control with only a few thousand preference pairs and training steps. Objective and subjective evaluations against strong public systems show that our model produces perceptible emphasis while preserving naturalness and overall quality.

arXiv (Cornell University)
Speech Recognition and Synthesis
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