SIPEDAS: A Human-Centered Evaluation of Traceable Digital Workflows for Local-Government Waste Administration

Municipal waste administration in many local governments is often constrained by fragmented records, disconnected reporting practices, and limited traceability across organizational units. This study examines how fragmented administrative processes can be integrated into a centralized, role-governed, and auditable digital workflow and evaluates its functionality and perceived usability. A single-site design-and-evaluation case was conducted at the Environmental Office of Padang Pariaman Regency, Indonesia, involving waste-administration activities across 17 sub-districts. SIPEDAS integrates operational records, master data, reporting, role-based access control, and activity logging through a Laravel RESTful API, React/TypeScript interface, and centralized MySQL database. Evaluation combined 25 requirement-derived Black Box scenarios with the System Usability Scale (SUS). All 25 executed functional test scenarios met their predefined acceptance criteria. Ten complete participant-level SUS records yielded a mean score of 68.25 (SD = 11.37; median = 71.25; range = 50–80), close to the widely cited benchmark but with substantial variation among participants. Incomplete records of requirements elicitation, tester independence, and SUS administration limit reproducibility and the interpretation of differences among respondents. The findings support SIPEDAS as a functional foundation for traceable waste-data administration, but do not establish the absence of defects, organizational efficiency gains, or verified security, reliability, and performance. Its main contribution is an approach to linking requirements with evaluation evidence that distinguishes implemented controls, executed functional conformance, perceived usability, actual use, and organizational outcomes.