New records of Echinodorus scaber and Hydrocleys parviflora from Tocantins expand the known distribution of Alismataceae in northern Brazil

Abstract This study reports the first records of Echinodorus scaber and Hydrocleys parviflora ( Alismataceae ) in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, including the first confirmed occurrence of Hydrocleys there. The records consist of three vouchers of E. scaber from Tupiratins, one from Paranã, and one of H. parviflora from Alvorada, all recognized through a taxonomic reassessment of herbarium specimens deposited in HUTO, CEN, and R. Three specimens of E. scaber were misidentified as E. macrophyllus , one was identified only to genus level, and H. parviflora was misidentified as Limnocharis sp. Species identification was based on morphological analyses. This paper provides morphological descriptions, taxonomic comments, a generic identification key, photographs, distribution maps, habitat, ecology, and phenological data, and etymological notes. These results expand the known geographic distribution of both species and highlight the importance of herbarium revisions and floristic surveys to improve knowledge of aquatic macrophyte diversity in northern Brazil wetlands.