Textile‐Integrated Electrochemical Sensing Approaches for Monitoring Wound‐Relevant Biochemical Markers

ABSTRACT Wearable electrochemical sensors offer promising opportunities for wound‐related biochemical assessment by enabling the detection of wound‐relevant biomarkers directly at the skin–wound interface. In this study, we present a textile‐integrated sensor platform for dual‐analyte response of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and enzymatically quantified lactate, which are key indicators of oxidative stress and metabolic activity, respectively. The redox sensor was fabricated using platinum‐coated Shieldex working electrodes and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes, arranged in a coaxial winding yarn. Besides having the same type of reference electrode in the setup, the lactate sensor employed a gold‐based working electrode functionalized with a chitosan–PPD–lactate oxidase (LOx) multilayer along with a platinum‐based counter electrode. Electrochemical characterisation showed that the redox sensor exhibited consistent current–time response behaviour, approaching a quasi‐stabilised response level within approximately 180 s, and demonstrating a measurable response trend across a broad experimentally explored H 2 O 2 concentration range (from the micromolar to high millimolar range). The lactate sensor produced repeatable qualitative current increases of approximately 25% and 50% at 2 mM and 4 mM lactate, respectively, with response magnitude affected by pH and temperature. Biocompatibility testing confirmed no cytotoxic effects for gold‐ and platinum‐based electrodes, and only moderate effects for Ag/AgCl under prolonged incubation, supporting the suitability of the primary sensing elements for wound‐contact applications. Taken together, the results demonstrate proof‐of‐concept functionality under controlled laboratory conditions, while comprehensive analytical validation remains the subject of future work, which supports the potential of textile‐based electrochemical sensors for integration into next‐generation smart wound dressings. Future research will also focus on environmental compensation, enzyme stabilisation and further system optimisation for wound‐relevant operation.