Indicators of spectral analysis as biomarkers for monitoring the efficiency of readaptation in military servicemen with previous experience in mixed martial arts during the period of long-term rehabilitation after wounds

Purpose. To determine the efficiency of using HRV spectral analysis indicators as biomarkers for monitoring the processes of readaptation of functional reserves in military servicemen with a previous experience in mixed martial arts. To evaluate the efficiency of the influence of various models of classes in resistance fitness on the processes of readaptation of functional reserves during the period of long-term rehabilitation after shrapnel wounds. Materials & Methods. Eighty military servicemen with a previous experience in mixed martial arts were examined. Four groups of 20 men each were formed. The control group included physically healthy military servicemen who returned to their units from active combat operations. Group A included individuals with injuries to the ligamentous apparatus and menisci of the knee joint as a result of shrapnel wounds. Representatives of group B had ruptures of the joint capsule and ligamentous apparatus, shoulder muscle tendons. Group C consisted of participants with ruptures of the joint capsule and ligamentous apparatus of the elbow joint. Specific models of classes were proposed to each of the groups. To monitor the processes of readaptation of functional reserves during the period of long-term rehabilitation, the heart rate variability (HRV) method was used. The studies lasted for 3 months. Results. It was established that despite the previous experience in mixed martial arts and correspondingly high resistance to workloads, the level of tension of heart rhythm regulation in the examined military servicemen requiring continuation of rehabilitation was high. At the same time, not only the basal level of vegetative balance was significantly shifted toward sympathetic regulation, but also the very low-frequency heart rhythm spectrum indicator demonstrated high values. The results demonstrate a strengthening of the central loop of sinus rhythm regulation after acute workloads with a simultaneous decrease in the activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone at the beginning of the study. In the process of long-term rehabilitation after shrapnel wounds, the revealed changes in spectral analysis indicators in the examined groups of military servicemen demonstrate both symptoms of functional overreaching and the efficiency of readaptation processes. Despite the identity of all three models of classes with a medium-intensity workload regimen (Ra=0,67), but in combination with different complexes of resistance exercises, the basal level of the LH/HF indicator decreased. Simultaneously, a weakening of the central loop of sinus rhythm regulation and an increase in parasympathetic activity occurred. The results revealed after an acute workload demonstrate a strengthening of VLF power and a weakening of the vagal influence on the sinus node, which influenced the increase in the level of tension of heart rhythm regulation systems. In this case, similar changes occurred only in the group of military servicemen with injuries to the ligamentous apparatus and menisci of the knee joint, and demonstrate pronounced manifestations of adaptation failure. Conclusions. It was revealed that for assessing the processes of readaptation of functional reserves in military servicemen, even with a previous experience in MMA, during the period of long-term rehabilitation after shrapnel wounds, the use of basal values of spectral analysis indicators is insufficient. Despite a decrease in the basal level of tension of heart rhythm regulation systems due to the prolonged use of resistance fitness models of classes, in response to an acute workload, in some cases we observe adaptation failure. The use of an optimal and simultaneous safe in resistance fitness medium-intensity workload regimen does not always increase the level of body resistance to an acute stressful stimulus during the rehabilitation period. Similar problems arose in the group of military servicemen with injuries to the ligamentous apparatus and menisci of the knee joint as a result of wounds, which led to pronounced hypokinesia and muscle atrophy.