Revisão bibliográfica: acessibilidade comunicativa para surdos a partir da L1: da heteronomia à autonomia mediada pela IA

Communicative accessibility is a fundamental condition for social participation, citizenship, and the guarantee of the rights of deaf people. In Brazil, although Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) is legally recognized as a means of communication and expression and several policies have been established to promote accessibility, linguistic barriers continue to restrict the communicative autonomy of deaf individuals. This article aims to analyze, through a bibliographic and documentary review, communicative accessibility for deaf people from the perspective of Libras as a first language (L1), discussing the transition from communicative heteronomy to possibilities of autonomy mediated by Artificial Intelligence (AI). The study assumes that systematic dependence on third parties to establish communication between Libras and Portuguese may constitute a form of communicative heteronomy when there are no accessible alternatives that allow deaf individuals to conduct their communication directly. The review indicates that accessibility should not be understood merely as the provision of interpreters or the adaptation of content originally produced in Portuguese, but as recognition of the deaf person's linguistic right to access, produce, and share information in their L1. In this context, technologies based on Artificial Intelligence, computer vision, motion recognition, and natural language processing have the potential to expand communicative autonomy, particularly through systems capable of recognizing Libras signing and converting it into written Portuguese or other communicative modalities. However, the effectiveness of these technologies depends on the active participation of the deaf community in their development, the quality and representativeness of datasets, preservation of Libras linguistic structure, data security, and ethical evaluation of their results. It is concluded that AI can become an important instrument of communicative emancipation, provided that it is developed not to replace Libras, interpreters, or deaf culture, but to expand possibilities for direct and autonomous communication.