Advancing SDG 12 and SDG 13 in a Developing Extractive Economy: Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholder Interest, and Supply Chain Resilience in Ghanaian Mining

ABSTRACT The private sector's contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals in developing economies depends on how effectively firms convert their social and environmental commitments into development outcomes. This study examines that conversion in Ghanaian mining, a sector central to SDG 12 and SDG 13, where weak formal institutions constrain the translation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) into sustainable practice. Drawing on stakeholder, resilience, and institutional voids theories, we theorise and test a serial mediation model in which CSR advances sustainable mining through sequential governance: it first activates stakeholder interest (SI), which builds supply chain resilience (SCR), which in turn drives sustainable mining (SM). We analyse single‐source, cross‐sectional data from 458 respondents across 116 Ghanaian mining firms using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM), with an artificial neural network, importance–performance map analysis, and a Gaussian copula test as robustness checks. CSR exerts no significant direct effect on sustainable mining ( β = 0.089, n.s.); its total effect ( β = 0.383, p < 0.001) is transmitted entirely through the stakeholder and supply chain pathway (CSR → SI → SCR → SM; β = 0.047, p < 0.01). The findings show that the private sector's contribution to the SDGs in extractive economies depends less on the scale of CSR expenditure than on the stakeholder partnerships and value‐chain governance that convert it into development outcomes.