A Native Proto-Indo-European Etymology for Semele: The dHegHom- + -mo- + -a Nominal Suffix Template

The etymology of the Greek goddess name Semele (mother of Dionysus) is heavily contested, with mainstream etymological dictionaries adamantly claiming she is a foreign loanword borrowed from a Thraco-Phrygian substrate due to perceived irregularities in her internal vowel stems. This paper presents a novel, internally consistent native Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymology that completely dismantles the loanword hypothesis. Utilizing the repeatable double-suffix template (Root + -mo- + -is/-a) established in previous structural reconstructions of archaic Aegean divine names (such as Artemis and Themis), we demonstrate that Semele is a native formation. By compounding the zero-grade PIE root for "earth" (dHgH-) with a Caland-associated characteristic suffix (-mo-) and a primary individualizing feminine agent suffix (-a/-e), we reconstruct the structural intermediate form dHgH-m-el-e. Through regular rules of Proto-Greek initial cluster simplification and vocalic expansion, this framework provides an elegant phonetic and semantic pipeline: "The specific female individual embodying the characteristic aspect of the earth."

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23812186
Primary Topic
Linguistics and language evolution
Type
preprint
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preprint

A Native Proto-Indo-European Etymology for Semele: The dHegHom- + -mo- + -a Nominal Suffix Template

Brandon Eli Cornelison
9 links
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Linguistics and language evolution
preprint

A Native Proto-Indo-European Etymology for Semele: The dHegHom- + -mo- + -a Nominal Suffix Template

Brandon Eli Cornelison
preprint en

Abstract

The etymology of the Greek goddess name Semele (mother of Dionysus) is heavily contested, with mainstream etymological dictionaries adamantly claiming she is a foreign loanword borrowed from a Thraco-Phrygian substrate due to perceived irregularities in her internal vowel stems. This paper presents a novel, internally consistent native Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymology that completely dismantles the loanword hypothesis. Utilizing the repeatable double-suffix template (Root + -mo- + -is/-a) established in previous structural reconstructions of archaic Aegean divine names (such as Artemis and Themis), we demonstrate that Semele is a native formation. By compounding the zero-grade PIE root for "earth" (dHgH-) with a Caland-associated characteristic suffix (-mo-) and a primary individualizing feminine agent suffix (-a/-e), we reconstruct the structural intermediate form dHgH-m-el-e. Through regular rules of Proto-Greek initial cluster simplification and vocalic expansion, this framework provides an elegant phonetic and semantic pipeline: "The specific female individual embodying the characteristic aspect of the earth."

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Linguistics and language evolution
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