From Iran–Israel Conflict Feeds to Sustainable Energy Transition Support

This study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior to resolve empirical anomalies regarding media effects by examining how social media exposure to the Iran–Israel conflict and information literacy shape university students' attitudes toward supporting sustainable energy transition amid Indonesia's 2026 fuel subsidy restrictions. Analyzing PLS-SEM data from 427 undergraduate students across five state universities in Malang City, the findings reveal that under high-stakes macro-geopolitical shocks, both conflict exposure and information literacy transcend routine non-significant effects to exert statistically significant positive impacts (R2 = 0.075). This offers a novel theoretical framework showing how global crises activate youth policy support, highlighting key digital communication strategies for national energy security.