Validity and Reliability of the Artificial Intelligence Awareness Scale for Adolescents Aged 13–18: Implications for Public Policy and Governance

Abstract This research aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure AI awareness among adolescents aged 13–18. A descriptive survey model was employed, with data collected online from 122 voluntary participants (mean age 14.78). Following a literature review and expert evaluation, an initial 26-item pool was developed. Item analysis resulted in the removal of three items, and exploratory factor analysis supported a two-factor structure comprising 23 items and explaining 37.4% of the total variance. The first factor, “Perceived Benefits of AI,” consisted of 16 items (Cronbach’s α = .888), while the second factor, “AI Threat Perception,” consisted of 7 items (Cronbach’s α = .793). Confirmatory factor analysis of the two-factor structure yielded acceptable fit indices.