Latent profile analysis and associated factors of work engagement among ICU nurses

Objective This study aimed to identify the latent profiles of work engagement among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and to examine the associated factors with different engagement categories. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using convenience sampling among ICU nurses from July 2023 to January 2024. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), the Person–Organization Fit Assessment Scale, the Caring Assessment Tool—Administration (CAT-admin), and the Organizational Justice Scale. Data were analyzed using latent profile analysis (LPA) and binary logistic regression. Results Two distinct latent profiles of work engagement were identified: the Low Engagement–High Vigor Group (44.2%) and the High Engagement–Low Dedication Group (55.8%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the weekly frequency of proactive communication with head nurses, perceived managerial caring, and perceived organizational justice were significant predictors of ICU nurses’ work engagement ( p < 0.05). Conclusion ICU nurses exhibit heterogeneous patterns of work engagement. Nursing managers should enhance engagement by strengthening managerial communication, fostering perceptions of caring leadership, and cultivating a fair and supportive organizational environment.