A MUSE and MeerKAT study of dynamics and star formation in HCG 16

Hickson compact groups (HCGs) present an ideal environment for studying galaxy interactions. HCG 16 is a group of five galaxies in an intermediate stage of evolution (Phase 2), with several members displaying signs of interaction, including distorted morphologies, tidal features, and enhanced star formation rates. We aim to better understand the evolution of HCG 16 and its member galaxies, focusing on the relationship between neutral hydrogen and star formation, while reconstructing the interaction history of the group. We analysed MUSE data processed with pyPipe3D to extract Hα images and stellar population synthesis results, and reduced MeerKAT data to produce a high-resolution ̋I cube. We examined the structure and dynamics of the Hα and ̋I lines in both 2D and 3D, and produced spatially resolved star formation histories to compare the inner and outer parts of the galaxies. We identify a major star formation episode in HCG 16 beginning sim400--500 Myr ago, coinciding with the passage of NGC 848 close to the other member galaxies, and that continued at least until 50--60 Myr ago in some galaxies. The ̋I distribution is highly perturbed in the group, although HCG 16a retains a nearly regular disk, while HCG 16b has associated Hα tails. The passage of NGC 848 probably activated star formation in HCG 16, but cannot by itself explain the current starburst activity in HCG 16c and 16d. The evolution of the group is better explained by multiple interactions among its members than by a single strong encounter.