Redescription of Gastrotheca dissimilis (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and description of a new species of Gastrotheca from the Cordillera Oriental, northeastern Peru

Gastrotheca peruana dissimilis Vellard, 1957 was considered for a long time as a subspecies of G. peruana Boulenger, 1900, but recent studies indicated that it should be recognized at the species level. Here, we redescribe Gastrotheca dissimilis and recognize it as a full species based on a recent taxonomic revision of G. peruana sensu lato using independent lines of evidence (phylogenetic analyses, meristic and external morphological traits). Gastrotheca dissimilis can be differentiated from G. peruana by having a tympanum separated from eye by distance larger than the tympanum diameter, dorsal skin shagreen with abundant scattered pustules and the presence of prominent longitudinal pustular ridges, and the iris (in life) reddish copper or metallic red with fine black reticulations. Furthermore, we describe a new species of Gastrotheca present in the humid grasslands of the Alto Mayo Protected Forest, Departamento San Martín, northeastern Peru. It differs from all other species by having the snout acutely rounded in dorsal view and truncate in profile, relative lengths of the fingers I = II < IV < III, webbing formula I2+—2II2-—3III3—3IV3—2+V, shagreen dorsum, and dentigerous processes of the vomers in transverse row narrowly separated between the choanae.