The dark surface of (163693) Atira and implications for inner-Earth asteroid origins
We compare the physical properties of inner-Earth asteroid (163693) Atira with the NEOMOD3 population model. Its radar-derived diameter of 4.9 km and absolute magnitude H$_V\simeq$16.4 imply a geometric albedo of p$_V\sim$0.02. Photometry with the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5-m telescope and ARCTIC yields g-r=0.49$\pm$0.03, r-i=0.20$\pm$0.02, i-z=0.02$\pm$0.03, a$^\ast$=$-0.05\pm0.03$, and a g-to-i spectral slope of 3.4$\pm$0.9$\%$/100 nm. The photometric reflectance favors a provisional X-type classification; combined with the low albedo, it supports a Tholen P-type interpretation. NEOMOD3 assigns an approximately 66$\%$ probability of delivery through inner Main Belt channels and 26$\%$ to central and outer Main Belt channels. Atira's NEOMOD3 albedo-category probabilities are $0.07\pm0.02$, $0.64\pm0.04$, and $0.29\pm0.04$ for p$_V<$0.1, 0.1$\leq$p$_V<$0.3, and p$_V\geq$0.3, respectively. Across 38 inner-Earth objects, including Atira and 'Ayló'chaxnim, inner Main Belt delivery generally dominates, and intermediate albedo is favored for 33 objects. Atira therefore represents an uncommon low-albedo outcome, compatible with delivery of dark material from the inner Main Belt or more distant primitive populations. Further characterization of inner-Earth asteroids will test whether current population models reproduce their compositional diversity.
Authors
- David Nesvorný A (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-4301)
- Bryce Bolin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-6323)
- W. F. Bottke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1804-7814)
- Leo Y. Alcorn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-8687)
- Meredith Ann MacGregor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7891-8143)
- Alessandro Morbidelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8476-7687)
- Percy Gómez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-9850)
- Carl Ingebretsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-5495)
- Rogerio Deienno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-7857)
- Colin Orion Chandler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7335-1715)
- Robert Jedicke
Publication Details
- Journal
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Published
- 2026-10-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.40114
- Primary Topic
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Type
- preprint