Artificial Intelligence Driving the Transformation of Modern Libraries

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping the operations, services, and user engagement strategies of modern libraries, including those in higher education and public domains. AI technologies, encompassing machine learning, natural language processing, chatbots, and predictive analytics, enable libraries to automate routine tasks, personalize information services, and generate data-driven insights for collection development and resource management. This paper examines the role of AI in modern libraries, focusing on three core dimensions: automation of cataloguing, classification, and reference services; intelligent discovery and personalized recommendation systems; and AI-driven analytics for decision-making and user engagement. The paper reviews the conceptual architecture of AI-enabled library systems, surveys current applications, and discusses the institutional, ethical, and technical challenges associated with adoption. It concludes by outlining future directions, including the convergence ofAI withIoTand cloud computing, forbuilding intelligent, adaptive library ecosystems.