The Emerging Role of Postbiotics Against Microplastics-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Microplastics (MPs), particularly those composed of polystyrene (PS), pose significant toxicological risks to humans, especially through oral exposure. Increasing evidence suggests that MPs contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Postbiotics have recently gained attention for their protective effects against various chemical pollutants, including MPs. They can alleviate MP-induced IBD through several mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory activity, immunomodulatory effects, inhibition of pathogenic bacterial growth, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. This review highlights the definitions of postbiotics, as well as their biological roles in the prevention and treatment of microplastics-induced inflammatory bowel disease.