Association of Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure With Obesity Among Adult Indian Males: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and aim: Obesity is a major public health concern and is associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.This study aimed to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile, blood pressure, and waist circumference in obese adult Indian males.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 adult males aged 30-50 years after obtaining written informed consent.Participants were classified into the following four BMI groups: group I (<30 kg/m²), group II (30-34.9kg/m²), group III (35-39.9kg/m²), and group IV (≥40 kg/m²).Waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using standard methods.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.).One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used for intergroup comparisons.A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: More than half of the participants (n=59, 53.6%) belonged to the BMI ≥40 kg/m² group.Waist circumference increased significantly with increasing BMI (p<0.0001).Diastolic blood pressure showed a significant positive association with BMI (p=0.032),whereas systolic blood pressure did not differ significantly among the groups.LDL-C levels were significantly higher in groups III and IV (p=0.033).Although triglyceride and total cholesterol levels tended to increase with increasing BMI, these differences were not statistically significant.HDL-C levels showed a decreasing trend with increasing BMI but did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion: Among Indian adult males, increasing BMI was significantly associated with greater waist circumference, elevated diastolic blood pressure, and higher LDL-C levels.These findings highlight the importance of early identification and management of obesity to reduce future cardiovascular risk.