Anti-HIV-1 Activities and Cytotoxicity Studies of Fadogia ancylantha Extracts

Abstract Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic disease that is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has no cure. The world population, especially in Africa and other developing nations, still relies on traditional medicine for primary healthcare. This study presents in-depth anti-HIV activities and cytotoxicity tests of the dichloromethane and methanol extracts from the leaves, stems, and roots of Fadogia ancylantha . The biological testing was done to determine the plant's potential against HIV-1 at 25 µg/mL and its safety from 0.1 to 100 µg/mL. The latency reversal HIV-1 assay confirmed that F.ancylantha causes mild latency reversal, while the p24 HIV-1 protein reduction assay revealed minimal which is equal to negligency activity using plant extracts at concentration of 25 µg/mL respectively. Cytotoxicity analysis through cell viability test revealed that the plant has minimal harm to human cells except leaves DCM plant extracts which exhibited 58% cell death. Therefore, it is recommended that further scientific studies be conducted on anti-HIV tests using pure compounds extracted from F. ancylantha to enhance the future drug discovery industry.