Defining cell type-specific diurnal gene expression in the mouse retina

The mammalian retina exhibits daily oscillations in gene expression that contribute to retinal physiology and visual function. However, the extent to which these temporal patterns differ among retinal cell types remains incompletely understood. We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing in the mouse retina over the day and night, identifying rhythmic genes in the six major retinal cell types. Distinct diurnal gene expression patterns across photoreceptors, interneurons, retinal ganglion cells, and Muller glia correspond to their diverse functions across the light cycle. Even core circadian clock genes exhibited differences in paralog expression and rhythmicity across the retina. In contrast, dopamine signaling via the DRD4 receptor is highly rhythmic across most retinal cell types, suggesting dopamine signaling may be a key rhythmicity cue in the retina under diurnal conditions. This dataset highlights the complexity of daily transcriptional regulation in the retina and provides a resource to explore cell-type-specific diurnal rhythms.