MODULAR AND PREFABRICATED STRUCTURES FOR MODERN BUILDINGS EFFICIENCY DURABILITY AND PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION

Abstract. Modular and prefabricated construction moves a substantial share of building production from an exposed site to a controlled manufacturing environment. This article examines when industrialized production improves project efficiency, which structural and durability requirements govern long-term performance, and where the technology is most likely to expand. A focused narrative review of peer-reviewed case studies, life-cycle assessments, cost studies, and experimental research shows that schedule savings arise mainly from performing factory production in parallel with foundations and site preparation. Quality gains depend on repeatable details, dimensional control, and inspection at interfaces. Structural performance is governed by inter-module connections, continuous load paths, diaphragm action, fire protection, corrosion control, and tolerance management. Environmental outcomes vary with material intensity, transport distance, factory energy, and reuse potential. Modular construction is most effective where repeated units, predictable demand, feasible transport, and early coordination occur together. Keywords: modular construction; prefabrication; off-site manufacturing; structural connections; durability; BIM; life-cycle assessment