Aspek Psikologis Pasien Gagal Jantung dengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner: Kecemasan, Depresi, Efikasi Diri, dan Kualitas Hidup

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), encompassing coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF), represent a leading global health burden. Beyond their profound physiological impact, these conditions are intricately linked with significant psychological comorbidities, primarily depression and anxiety. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding the prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms, and reciprocal influences of these psychological disorders in patients with CAD and HF. It explores the crucial role of self-efficacy in mediating patient outcomes and adherence to therapeutic regimens, while also examining the profound impact of psychological distress on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Furthermore, this article discusses evidence-based psychological interventions and pharmacological treatments, identifies key risk factors and predictors of psychological distress, and outlines clinical implications and treatment recommendations. Despite advancements, depression and anxiety in cardiac patients remain under-recognized and undertreated. This review underscores the imperative for integrated, multidisciplinary care that addresses both the physical and mental health needs of this vulnerable patient population, offering insights into limitations and future directions for research and clinical practice.