The Effect of Pharmacist Education on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Adherence to Medication and Supplement Use, and Clinical Outcome Community Health Centres

Non-adherence to medication and supplement use among pregnant women, often triggered by nausea and vomiting and limited knowledge, relates to stunting risk, yet evidence on pharmacist education in primary care remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the effect of pharmacist education on knowledge, attitude, practice, adherence to medication and supplement use, and clinical outcomes of pregnant women at primary health centers. A quasi-experimental two-group pretest-posttest study was conducted among 140 first- and second-trimester pregnant women with nausea and vomiting, divided into a control group (n = 70; Tualang Health Center) and an intervention group (n = 70; Perawang Health Center) from May to July 2026. The intervention group received face-to-face pharmacist education with a leaflet. Knowledge, attitude, and practice were measured with validated questionnaires, adherence with the MARS-5, and clinical outcome with the PUQE score. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney tests. In the intervention group, the proportion of good knowledge increases from 35.7% to 98.6%, positive attitude from 75.7% to 97.1%, good practice from 67.1% to 98.6%, and adherence from 0% to 84.3%, while the PUQE score decreases from 10.53±2.64 to 5.69±2.68 (all p < 0.001). The control group shows no significant change (p > 0.05). Posttest scores differ significantly between groups on all variables (p < 0.001). Pharmacist education improves knowledge, attitude, practice, and adherence to medication and supplement use, and improves clinical outcomes of pregnant women at primary health centers.