Epidemiological patterns and post-exposure management of cat bite injuries: a cross-sectional study from North India

Background: Cat bite injuries are an under-recognized public health concern due to traumatic injuries, bacterial infections, and potential rabies exposure. However, limited epidemiological evidence is available regarding cat bite injuries and post-exposure management practices in India. This study assessed the epidemiological patterns and post-exposure management practices among cat bite victims attending a tertiary care Anti-Rabies Vaccination (ARV) clinic in North India. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 152 cat bite victims attending the ARV Clinic of MDB ASMC Hospital, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, from January to June 2025. Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, injury patterns, and post-exposure management practices were collected using a structured, pre-tested tool after obtaining informed consent and ethical approval. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Adults >15 years constituted 60.5% of victims, with females comprising 50.7%. Most bites were caused by stray cats (90.1%) and occurred at home (56.6%). Upper limb injuries (46.7%) and Category II exposures (66.4%) predominated. Reporting within 24 hours occurred in 74.3% of cases, while 70.4% practiced first aid. Although overall rabies vaccination coverage was high (94.1%), only 28.0% received vaccination on the day of exposure. Anti-Rabies Serum uptake among advised patients was low (33.3%). No significant socio-demographic predictors were identified for most post-exposure practices, except same-day vaccination among adolescents. Conclusions: Cat bites represent an important public health concern, with gaps in timely post-exposure prophylaxis and Anti-Rabies Serum uptake. Strengthening awareness regarding wound care, early healthcare seeking, and appropriate rabies prophylaxis is essential.