KLASIFIKASI, TAHAPAN, DAN MANFAAT ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK: STUDI KASUS KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN DEFISIT JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL (JKN) DI INDONESIA

This article examines the classification, stages, and benefits of public policy analysis through a case study of Indonesia's policy response to the deficit in its National Health Insurance (JKN) program. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on a literature review of laws and regulations, scientific publications, press releases, and mass media reports, the study shows that policy analysis can be classified by timing (prospective, retrospective, integrative) and by orientation (descriptive analysis of policy and prescriptive analysis for policy). Applying William N. Dunn's five stages of policy analysis, problem identification, forecasting, recommendation, monitoring, and evaluation, to the JKN deficit, in which the claims-to-contribution ratio reached 109.6 percent as of October 2024, shows that the contribution increase under Presidential Regulation Number 59 of 2024 has not fully resolved the underlying problem. Supported by empirical data and charts, the findings confirm that public policy analysis clarifies root problems, grounds rational decision making, promotes efficient resource use, and strengthens accountability for a sustainable health insurance program.