Multi-polarized nested metasurface antenna stacking for satellite-assisted Internet of Vehicles

A novel, multi-polarized, multi-band, metasurface stacked patch antenna has been developed for satellite-assisted Internet of Vehicles (IoV) communication. The antenna features an aperture-coupled, integrated dual-flipped L-slot patch (IDFLP) stacked layer. A patch is fed via a rectangular slot aperture. To optimize performance, the nested complementary dual split-ring (NCDSR) metasurface is integrated into the IDFLP layer. The NCDSR-IDFLP antenna has a footprint of 25 × 25 mm and operates at multi-band frequencies of 7.4 GHz, 11.51 GHz, and 14.15 GHz, with good impedance matching ( < −10 dB). The multi-band frequencies have peak gains of 3.8 dBi, 4.69 dBi, and 8.82 dBi, respectively. The simulated axial ratio (AR) is < 1.23 dB at the Ku band. A metasurface antenna is mounted on a vehicle rooftop to study real-time scenarios. The proposed nested metasurface antenna was fabricated and tested for satellite-assisted 6G autonomous vehicular networks.