Effect of year conditions and pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment of triticale seeds on grain yields and yield parameters

Various methods, including physical ones are used to improve the seed quality. In order to determine the effect of electromagnetic influence on triticale grain yield and its parameters in two contrasting agro-meteorological years, a field experiment was conducted for the period 2017-2019. The experiment was carried out on Pellic Vertisols, a predecessor of sunflower. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied at 60 kg/ha in autumn with the main tillage. The crop was managed for pests, weeds, and diseases according to permitted pesticides and standard technology for growing cereals. Two factors were tested: variety and pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment (EMT) (E1 and E2). The seeds were treated with the following factor values: E1‒U = 5.2 kV, τ = 24 s, T = 14 days; E2‒U = 5.0 kV, τ = 50 s, T = 7 days. The results showed that the conditions of the year have a different effect on the grain yield and its parameters for the two varieties within 72.52%-88.22% for the Boomerang variety and 41.73%-96.16% for the Colorit variety. The effect of electromagnetic influence on grain yield is 8.83% for the Boomerang variety and 36.67% for the Colorit variety. An 8.1% increase in grain yield for the Boomerang variety was found for one of the years. The correlations are expressed in negative dependencies of grain yield with the number and mass of grains in the spike and positive of yield with the mass of thousand grains and height.