MODEL INTEGRATIF PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PESANTREN BERKELANJUTAN: TATA KELOLA DAN PELEMBAGAAN KADERISASI KEPEMIMPINAN KIAI

Objective: This study synthesises research on human resource development (HRD) in Indonesian pesantren and formulates an integrative model linking governance, institutionalised cadre formation, leadership succession, and institutional sustainability. Methods: A systematic integrative literature review following PRISMA 2020 covered publications from 2019 to 2026, the period after Law No. 18/2019 on Pesantren. Seventeen queries retrieved about 130 records from GARUDA, DOAJ, OJS-based journals, Google Scholar, and PTKIN repositories; metadata were verified through Crossref. Twenty-five studies were mapped, 18 were synthesised thematically, and evidence strength graded by design. Results: Pesantren operate two HRD regimes at once, a value-based khidmah (service) regime governing ustadz and a regulation-based employment regime governing teachers in formal units, bridged by cadre formation that supplies succession. Comparative studies indicate that enduring pesantren are distinguished by institutionalised cadre formation through governance rather than by a charismatic kiai. The corpus is dominated by single-site qualitative studies (13 of 18) and largely silent on human capital, career architecture, and digital HR. Novelty: The article proposes the Integrative Model of Sustainable Pesantren Human Resource Development (PSDM-PB), positioning governance and institutionalised cadre formation as the moderator between HRD practice and institutional continuity, with five testable propositions for educational management research.