A Review of Digital Technologies for Cardamom Supply Chain Management: Smart Agriculture, Traceability, and Export Management

This review paper examines the role of digital technologies in improving cardamom supply chain management, from cultivation and harvesting to processing, traceability, and export. It reviews existing research on smart agriculture, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain technology, and digital platforms, with particular attention to cardamom cultivation and disease detection. The paper explores how these technologies can support plantation monitoring, crop health management, production record maintenance, quality assessment, inventory management, supply chain transparency, and export operations. It also discusses challenges such as limited technology adoption, data management, cost, interoperability, and the need for reliable traceability systems. Finally, the review identifies research gaps and future opportunities for developing integrated digital solutions tailored to the cardamom industry. The findings aim to provide a foundation for further research into efficient, transparent, and technology-driven cardamom supply chain management.