Administrative Liability for Violations in the Sphere of Digital Currency Circulation: Issues of Defining Offense Elements and Prospects for Legislative Development

The article examines the theoretical and practical issues of establishing the institution of administrative liability for violations in the sphere of digital currency circulation in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of federal laws of 2020–2026, legislative initiatives including Draft Federal Law No. 1194944-8, as well as doctrinal approaches to defining the legal nature of digital currency, the author identifies systemic shortcomings in the legislative construction of new administrative offence compositions. It is substantiated that the fragmentary nature of legislative activity, the absence of a unified conceptual framework and a procedural mechanism for bringing to liability create risks of regulatory inconsistency and reduce the effectiveness of legal regulation. An author’s classification of offences in the field under study is proposed according to the subject composition, the nature of the act, and the degree of public danger, and specific proposals are formulated for the systematisation of the compositions within a new chapter of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation.