Technological and Scientific Overview of Crude Palm Oil Production Methods: Challenges, Trends and Opportunities

ABSTRACT This study analyzed technological and scientific innovations in crude palm oil (CPO) production, identifying challenges, trends, and opportunities to improve process efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. A technological and scientific prospecting approach was conducted through the analysis of 61 documents, including 27 patents and 34 scientific articles. The results indicated that the extraction stage concentrates most innovations, accounting for 59% of patents and 34% of scientific publications. Emerging technologies, such as subcritical water extraction, thermally assisted mechanical dewatering, microwave‐assisted processing, and supercritical CO 2 extraction, showed potential to enhance oil recovery and preserve bioactive compounds. However, high energy consumption, solvent dependency, and limited industrial‐scale application remain significant barriers. Evidence also suggests that good operational practices may influence CPO quality more strongly than the degree of mechanization. Despite advances in extraction technologies, a gap persists in integrating efficiency, product quality, economic feasibility, and sustainability, highlighting the need for more holistic approaches to support the sector's development.