Analysis of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology for Grid Support and peak Load Management

The increasing use of electric vehicles (EVs) is electric vehicles more suitable for daily transportation. changing the transportation system and also affecting the However, the increasing number of EVs creates a new electrical power system. As the number of EVs increases, Challenge for the electric power system because all EVs need electricity for charging their batteries. If many EVs are electricity for charging. If a large number of vehicles are charged at the same time, especially during peak hours, it can increase the load on the grid and may cause problems such as higher power losses and voltage variations. In a conventional EV charging system, electricity flows from Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology provides a way to use EV the power grid to the EV battery. This type of operation is batteries not only for transportation but also for supporting the known as Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V). Although G2V is necessary power grid. for charging can increase the load during already high-demand In V2G technology, power can flow in both directions periods. For example, if a many EV owners start charging between the EV battery and the grid. The EV can take power their vehicles after returning home in the evening, the from the grid during low-demand periods and can supply additional charging demand can occur at the same time as the stores power back to the grid during high-demand periods. normal residential peak load. This can increase the total peak This can help in reducing peak load and improving the overall demand and put additional stress on distribution transformers, operation of the grid. V2G can also be useful for renewable transmission lines and other power-system equipment. energy sources such as solar power because EV batteries can store extra renewable energy and use it when required. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology provides a different approach to this problem. V2G allows electrical power to flow This paper studies the role of V2G technology in peak-load in both directions between the EV battery and the power grid. management and grid support. The effect of controlled EV During periods of low electricity demand, EVs can be charged charging and discharging on grid demand is analyzed. The from the grid. When electricity demand becomes high, some study also considers the use of EV batteries for storing solar EVs can supply a part of their stored energy back to the grid. energy. The performance of the V2g system can be evaluated In this way, EV batteries can work not only as energy sources using parameters such as peal load, battery state of charge, for transportation but also as small energy-storage units power exchanged with grid and renewable-energy utilization. connected to the power system. The study shows that proper control of EV charging and discharging can help reduce peak demand and provide useful V2G technology can provide several types of support to the support to the power grid. However, battery degradation, EV power grid. One important application is peak-load availability, charging infrastructure and user requirements are management. During peak-demand periods, EVs can important factors that need to be considers while discharge their stored energy and reduce the amount of power implementing V2G technology.