The application of geographical informational systems to monitor population health: the review

The article presents analysis of international experience in practical application of geographic information systems in monitoring of population health on the basis of publications data. The articles were selected from databases of PubMed (Medline included), Google Scholar, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka and from information portals as of February 2026. The descriptive information about geographic information systems in force applied to implement epidemiological surveillance are obtained from official internet-portals of corresponding agencies.The article presents classification of methodological approaches of applying geographic information systems systems in health care by key tasks according their evolutionary development from description and visualization to complex analytical modeling and evaluation. The experience of application of geographic information systems in epidemiological surveillance systems in the countries that achieved the greatest success in this area, as well as projects that are implementing in Russia is described.Methodologically, geographic information systems in health care evolved from passive cartography to powerful spatial analytical systems with integrated GeoAI that clears the way to precision prevention through identification of clusters, risk assessment and prognostic modeling. The international experience demonstrates that the key to efficient application of geographic information systems for monitoring of morbidity is in standardization of data used or in centralization of platform. In Russia, despite methodological groundwork, geographic information systems has not yet turned out into systemic tool of decision-making to decrease burden of non-communicable diseases and to overcome territorial health inequalities.