МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ТА СИСТЕМНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОЇ ЛОГІСТИЧНОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРИ

The article analyzes the existing approaches of domestic scientists to defining the essence of the concept of "logistics architecture" as an integrated system that combines physical infrastructure, information platforms, management processes and organizational connections. In particular, the differences between traditional logistics management and architectural design are formed on the basis of a comparative characteristic of the approaches according to the criteria: philosophy and focus, main goal, management object, planning horizon, level of integration of digital technologies, crisis/shock reactions. It is established that a systemic approach requires considering logistics not as a set of isolated operations (transportation, warehousing, procurement), but as a single, integrated, holistic organism. The use of a systems approach proves that modern logistics architecture in conditions of shocks cannot be designed on the basis of linear models, it must be built as a cybernetic system with developed feedback loops, where the main criterion for efficiency is not the minimum cost of a single operation, but the overall stability and speed of adaptation of the entire system to macroeconomic factors and hazards. A systems model of modern logistics architecture is proposed by constructing a decomposition of logistics architecture into basic levels (sub-architectures), which ensures holistic design, integration of logistics processes, and increased adaptability and resilience of logistics systems to the influence of external factors. The proposed system model of modern logistics architecture is a multi-level integrated system built on the principles of a systems approach, cybernetics, digital transformation and adaptive management. Its main goal is to ensure the effective functioning of the logistics system by coordinating material, information, financial and managerial flows, as well as forming the system's ability to quickly respond to changes in the internal and external environment. Conceptually, the model is based on the decomposition of the logistics architecture into interconnected subarchitectures (base levels), each of which performs its own functions, but simultaneously interacts with other elements of the system. This approach allows us to consider the logistics system as a holistic organism, where changes in one component affect the efficiency of the entire system.