Newtonian gravitation's physical origin: symmetry breaking effects arising during feeble interactions at the quantum scale between neutrinos and protons or electrons

This study starts from the first principles of physics, extending Maxwell’s electromagnetic field theory and its paradigm to establish the Majorana nature of neutrinos: neutrinos have zero net charge and contain a pair of non‑zero charge‑conjugate constituents. These two constituents possess exactly equal masses and are mutual antiparticles. This property allows neutrinos to engage slightly in electromagnetic interactions and produce feeble symmetry breaking between electromagnetic attraction and repulsion. Interactions with protons and neutrons yield dominant attractive breaking, whereas interactions with electrons produce non‑dominant, negligible repulsive breaking. Calculations confirm that the values of both types of breaking force agree with Newtonian gravitation. On this foundation, the paper constructs a neutrino breaking model and develops the corresponding neutrino breaking theory to explain the origin of Newtonian gravitation, putting forward the core claim that Newtonian gravitation arises from neutrino breaking. This study concludes that the minuscule symmetry breaking generated in the minute electromagnetic interactions of neutrinos constitutes the physical origin of Newtonian universal gravitation. Experimental proposals are put forward at the end of the paper: to detect the gravitational response corresponding to variations in neutrino flux from artificial neutrino sources, and to examine whether the trajectories of horizontally moving free electrons in the near-Earth environment deviate from the predictions of classical gravity and bend upward.