Applications of Carotid Ultrasound and Transcranial Color-coded Sonography/Transcranial Doppler in Carotid Artery Revascularization

Abstract Stroke stands as a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with carotid artery stenosis being a major factor of ischemic stroke. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) are the primary revascularization strategies for this condition. Imaging methods play a pivotal role in providing clinicians and surgeons with crucial information, aiding in diagnosis, risk stratification, peri-operative evaluation, and post-surgical follow-up of patients. This review summarizes the literature available in the PubMed database from the past 25 years and discusses current research investigating the applications of carotid duplex ultrasonography (CDU), transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS), and transcranial Doppler (TCD) in the revascularization of carotid arteries.