Spatial Distribution and Historical Trends of Modified Methylsiloxanes in Core Sediments from the Dongzhaigang Mangrove Wetland, Hainan Island, China

Modified methylsiloxanes (MMSs) are emerging contaminants with growing industrial applications and potential environmental risks, yet their occurrence in sensitive mangrove ecosystems remains poorly understood. This study investigated the occurrence, spatial distribution, historical trends, and ecological risks of 14 MMSs in core sediment from the Dongzhaigang mangrove wetland, Hainan Island, China. Among the target compounds, cis-D4F and trans-D4Fb had the highest detection frequency (23% each), with total MMSs concentrations ranging from