FAM83D in cancer: Molecular mechanisms, biomarker potential and future therapeutic perspectives (Review)

Family with sequence similarity 83 member D (FAM83D) is a member of the FAM83 protein family characterized by a conserved domain of unknown function 1669 domain.Initially recognized for its role in mitotic spindle organization and cell-cycle regulation, FAM83D has increasingly emerged as a cancer-associated protein.FAM83D is frequently upregulated in multiple malignancies, including lung, hepatocellular, ovarian, breast, gastric, colorectal, esophageal and pancreatic cancer.Elevated FAM83D expression is associated with tumor progression, lymph node metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, therapeutic resistance and worse clinical outcomes.Mechanistically, FAM83D may promote malignant phenotypes by regulating cell-cycle progression, interacting with casein kinase 1 isoforms, kinesin family member 22 and F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7, and modulating oncogenic pathways such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/SMAD signaling.There may be an association between FAM83D and the tumor immune microenvironment, although direct mechanistic evidence remains limited.Clinically, FAM83D may have value as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target.However, the majority of available evidence comes from public database analyses, retrospective tissue studies and preclinical models, while large-scale prospective validation and standardized detection methods are lacking.The present review summarizes the biological features, expression patterns, functional roles, regulatory mechanisms, clinical implications, limitations and future research directions for FAM83D in cancer. Contents1. Introduction 2. Basic biological characteristics of FAM83D 3. Roles of FAM83D in different malignant tumors 4. Molecular mechanisms by which FAM83D regulates the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors 5. Potential clinical applications of FAM83D in malignant tumors 6.Current challenges and future perspectives