Daytime Sleepiness, Insomnia Symptoms and Sleep Quality in Adults Entering a Structured Weight‐Loss Programme: The SCOOP ‐ RNPC Cohort

BACKGROUND: Daytime sleepiness, insomnia and poor sleep quality are common in adults with overweight/obesity. This study characterized these sleep-related complaints and their associations with clinical characteristics at entry into the Nutritional and Psycho-Behavioural Rehabilitation (RNPC) programme, identified clinical characteristics associated with impaired sleep health, and explored changes after weight loss. METHODS: This observational study was conducted within the prospective SCOOP-RNPC cohort. Adults with overweight/obesity completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. An exploratory questionnaire-based summary score (0-6) was used to describe combined sleep-related profiles and compare baseline clinical characteristics. Longitudinal changes were explored in participants with assessments at baseline and programme end. RESULTS: Of 1886 participants with complete baseline sleep questionnaire data, 20.2% reported excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS score > 10), 23.4% had moderate-to-severe insomnia symptoms (ISI ≥ 15) and 63.3% reported poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). For the exploratory summary score, 22.7%, 50.3% and 27.0% of participants had scores of 0-1, 2-4 and 5-6, respectively. In those with longitudinal data (n = 310), changes in sleep-related questionnaire scores were observed during follow-up, and the proportion with a summary score of 5-6 increased from 31.0% to 45.5%. CONCLUSION: Sleep-related issues were common among adults entering structured weight-loss care. Less favourable questionnaire-based sleep profiles were associated with a greater burden of subjective symptoms. In exploratory longitudinal analyses, improvements in sleep-related questionnaire outcomes were observed during the weight-loss phase, although interpretation is limited by selective follow-up and the absence of a control group.