Fragility Analysis of Multi-Story Building with Glass Curtain Walls Under Combined Wind and Rain Actions

With the acceleration of urbanization in the world, the number of multi-story buildings has continued to increase, and glass curtain walls, as the primary envelope form of modern multi-story buildings, have been widely adopted. However, during strong wind and rainstorm disasters such as typhoons, glass curtain walls are prone to damage, and rainwater consequently intrudes into the building interior, causing severe property losses. Existing studies mostly focus on envelope damage under wind actions, paying insufficient attention to the combined wind and rain actions, especially the indoor property losses induced by rainwater intrusion. To this end, this paper establishes a damage-assessment method for glass curtain walls of multi-story buildings under combined wind and rain actions. First, based on stochastic simulation techniques and considering the progressive damage process, a fragility analysis framework for multi-story buildings under combined wind and rain actions is proposed, which involves the probabilistic wind-load model, the impact load model of wind-borne debris, the glass resistance capacity model, the numerical simulation of wind-driven rain, the volumetric quantification model of wind-driven rain intrusion, and the economic loss assessment model. Then, based on the proposed framework, a numerical case study of a typical multi-story building is conducted. The results indicate that the proposed method can reasonably account for wind-driven rain intrusion, envelope damage, and indoor property losses.