Challenges faced by people with celiac disease in religious practices: a scoping review complemented by documentary evidence

Abstract Purpose To identify challenges faced by people with celiac disease (CD) in religious practices and discuss implications for gluten-free diet (GFD) management and religious inclusion following the question: What evidence is available regarding the challenges faced by CD people during religious practices involving potential gluten exposure across different religious traditions?. Methods A scoping review complemented by documentary research was conducted across major electronic databases, official documents, doctrinal statements, liturgical guidelines, and information from recognized religious organizations to characterize food-related religious practices and potential gluten exposure. Results Among the 20 religions with the largest number of practitioners, two involve ingesting gluten-containing products. Together, these religions have more than 2.4 billion followers, indicating that many CD individuals may face challenges during religious rites with potential gluten exposure. Twelve studies published between 1982 and 2024 described religion-related challenges CD people experience. Religious practices may affect GFD adherence, leading some CD individuals to modify or avoid rituals involving gluten. Conclusion Religious practices may represent an underrecognized source of gluten exposure and an important psychosocial challenge for CD people. Greater awareness among healthcare professionals and religious communities, with safe and inclusive alternatives, may improve treatment adherence and participation in religious life while respecting religious traditions.